Artificial intelligence: applications and challenges

Abstract

An overview of artificial intelligence, from its definition and the shift in the job market to its history, from Hero of Alexandria’s automata and Alan Turing to today’s leaders. It presents key concepts (computer science, AI vs AGI, subfields, machine learning), what AI can do and its limitations regarding ethics, bias, data and interpretability. It shows use cases such as computer vision (Meta’s SAM and a UdeA mastocytoma classifier), generative AI, Transformers and open vs closed LLMs, plus agricultural examples (SoilGrids, smart farming, virtual reality). It closes with books, courses, YouTube channels and documentaries.